#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
//for multithreading
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
//getLine
#include "misc.h"

#define DOUBLEMODE 0
#define DOUBLEERRORMODE 1
#define RATIOMODE 2

#ifndef MODE
#define MODE DOUBLEMODE
#endif

#define NUM_THREADS 6

#if MODE == DOUBLEERRORMODE
#include "double-error.h"
#define VALUETYPE double_error
#define EXPTYPE double_error
#elif MODE == RATIOMODE
#include "ratio.h"
#define VALUETYPE rational
#define EXPTYPE unsigned int
#else
#include "double.h"
#define VALUETYPE double
#define EXPTYPE double
#endif

/*maximum length of the support of f*/
static const int N=24;

/*maximal order of derivative*/
static const int K=24;

/*given function df[0] on domain [0,M-1], compute derivatives f' until f^{(K)} and store f^{(K)} in df*/
void differentiate(VALUETYPE* f, VALUETYPE* df, int D, int k){
	VALUETYPE df0[D];
	/*Set zeroth derivative to be f.*/
	for(int i=0; i<D; i++){
		df0[i] = f[i];
		df[i] = f[i];
	}
	for(int l=1; l<=k; l++){
		/*Compute lth derivative of f from (l-1)th.*/
		for(int i=0; i<D; i++) df[i] = difference(df0[(i+1)%D], df0[i]);
		for(int i=0; i<D; i++) df0[i] = df[i];
	}

	/*
	printf("df    ");
	for(int i=0;i<D;i++) printf("%+6.1f ",to_double(df[i]));
	printf("\n");
	*/
}

/*given function f on domain [0,D-1] compute pth root of integral of |f|^p*/
VALUETYPE integratep(VALUETYPE* f, EXPTYPE p, int D){
	VALUETYPE integralp = int_to_valuetype(0);
	for(int i=0; i<D; i++){
		VALUETYPE padd = power(absolute(f[i]),p);
		integralp = sum(integralp,padd);
	}
	return integralp;
}

void compute_maximalfunction(VALUETYPE* f, VALUETYPE* Mf, int D){
	/*Sf[i][j] will be the integral of f on [min(i,j),max(i,j)]*/
	//VALUETYPE Sf[N][N];
	/*Af[i][j] will be the average of f on [min(i,j),max(i,j)]*/
	//VALUETYPE Af[N][N];
	/*Apparently may become too big for stack or something so have to use malloc instead.*/
	VALUETYPE* Sf[N];
	VALUETYPE* Af[N];
	for(int i=0; i<D; i++){
		Sf[i] = malloc(D*sizeof(VALUETYPE));
		Af[i] = malloc(D*sizeof(VALUETYPE));
	}

	for(int i=0; i<D; i++) {
		Sf[i][i] = f[i];
		Af[i][i] = f[i];
	}
	
	for(int n=1; n<D; n++){
		/*Recursively compute all integrals and averages over intervals of increasing length*/
		for(int i=0; i<D; i++){
			Sf[i][(i+n)%D] = sum(Sf[i][(i+n-1)%D], f[(i+n)%D]);
			Af[i][(i+n)%D] = ratio(Sf[i][(i+n)%D],int_to_valuetype(n+1));
		}
	}
	
	/*Compute maximal function by picking the largest average*/
	for(int i=0; i<D; i++){
		Mf[i] = Af[i][i];
		for(int j=1; j<=D; j++){
			Mf[i] = maximum(Af[i][(i+j)%D], Mf[i]);
			Mf[i] = maximum(Af[(i-j+D)%D][i], Mf[i]);
		}
	}

	/*Print computed functions and averages*/
	/*
	printf("Mf    ");
	for(int i=0;i<D;i++) printf("%+0.1f ",to_double(Mf[i]));
	printf("\n");
	for(int i=0;i<D;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<D;j++) printf("%0.1f ",to_double(Af[i][j]));
		printf("\n");
	}
	*/

	for(int i=0; i<D; i++){
		free(Af[i]);
		free(Sf[i]);
	}
}

/*Generates all characteristic functions of length up N.*/
int generate_each_charf(VALUETYPE* f, int i){
	int s=0;
	int d=2;
	while(d <= N){
		/*number of strings of length d that are not all 0s or all 1s*/
		int powd = (1<<d)-2;
		if(i-s >= powd){
			s += powd;
			d++;
		}
		else {
			int t = i-s+1;
			/*Set f to the values encoded in bit string t which is a value between 1 and powd = (1<<d)-2.*/
			for(int n=0; n<d; n++) f[n] = int_to_valuetype((t >> n) & 1);
			return d;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

int generate_triangle(VALUETYPE* f, int i){
	int j = i+1;
	if(j <= N/2){
		for(int n=0; n < N; n++) f[n] = int_to_valuetype(0);
		for(int n=0; n < j; n++) f[n] = int_to_valuetype(j-n);
		for(int n=1; n < j; n++) f[N-n] = int_to_valuetype(j-n);
		return N;
	}
	else return -1;
}

/*Writes into f the values of the function indexed by i. Returns the size of the support of f, or -1 if there is no function with that index.*/
int generate_function(VALUETYPE* f, int i){
	return generate_each_charf(f,i);
	//return generate_triangle(f,i);
}

void format_result(char* s, EXPTYPE p, int D, int index, int k, VALUETYPE r){
	VALUETYPE f[N];
	int d = generate_function(f,index);
	sprintf(s,"f: ");
	int l = 3;
	for(int i=0; i<D; i++) l += sprintf(s+l,"%2.0f ",to_double(f[i]));
	for(int i=D; i<N; i++) l += sprintf(s+l,"   ");
	char rts[128];
	root_to_string(rts,r,p);
	l += sprintf(s+l,"%dth der.: %s\n",k,rts);
}

bool over_threshold_charf(double t, int k){
	return (k==1 && t>=1) || (k==2 && t>=.5) || (k==3 && t>.53) || (k==4 && t>=.5) || (k==5 && t>=.58) || (k==6 && t>=.58) || (k==7 && t>=.69) || (k==8 && t>=.83) || (k==9 && t>=.8699) || (k==10 && t>=.919) || (k==11 && t>=.97) || (k==12 && t>=.97) || (k==13 && t>=.98) || (k==14 && t>=.98) || (k==15 && t>=.9817) || (k==16 && t>=.9817) || (k==17 && t>=.987) || (k==18 && t>=.991) || (k==19 && t>=.994) || (k==20 && t>=1.001) || (k==21 && t>=1.009) || (k==22 && t>=1.009) || (k==23 && t>=1.003) || (k==24 && t>=1.174) ;
}

bool compute(EXPTYPE p, int D, VALUETYPE* f, int index, VALUETYPE* records_ratio, int* records_index){
	VALUETYPE Mf[N];
	/*This is the only O(D^2) operation in here so makes a lot of sense to only compute once and avoid repeating it.*/
	compute_maximalfunction(f,Mf,D);

	/*Allocate memory for derivatives.*/
	VALUETYPE df[2][N];
	VALUETYPE dMf[2][N];

	for(int i=0; i<=1; i++){
		for(int n=0; n<D; n++){
			df[i][n] = f[n];
			dMf[i][n] = Mf[n];
		}

	}

	for(int k=0; k<=K; k++){
		if(k>=1){
			/*Compute kth derivative of f and Mf from (k-1)th derivative*/
			differentiate(df[(k+1)%2],df[k%2],D,1);
			differentiate(dMf[(k+1)%2],dMf[k%2],D,1);
		}
		
		/*Print derivatives*/
		/*
		for(int k=0; k<=K; k++){
			printf("f  %d: ",k);
			for(int i=0; i<D; i++) printf("%+0.1f ",df[k][i]);
			printf("\n");
			printf("Mf %d: ",k);
			for(int i=0; i<D; i++) printf("%+0.1f ",dMf[k][i]);
			printf("\n");
		}
		*/

		/*Compute L^p norm of derivatives*/
		VALUETYPE intdfp = integratep(df[k%2],p,D);
		VALUETYPE intdMfp = integratep(dMf[k%2],p,D);

		//printf("%d: %f / %f = %f\n",k,intdMfp[k],intdfp[k],intdMfp[k]/intdfp[k]);

		/*Compute ||Mf^{(k)}||_p/||f^{(k)}||_p.*/

		VALUETYPE r = ratio(intdMfp, intdfp);

		if(
		//over_threshold_charf(to_double(r),k) &&
		is_greater_possibly(r,records_ratio[k])){
			/*extra check for printing only because in error mode for some reason floats randomly seem to increase by tiny amounts*/
			if(is_greater_certainly(r,records_ratio[k])){
				records_index[k] = index;
				char s[1024];
				format_result(s, p, D, index, k, r);
				printf("%s",s);
			}
			records_ratio[k] = maximum(records_ratio[k],r);
		}
	}
}

typedef struct { VALUETYPE* records_ratio; int* records_index; int num_thread; int* domain_current; } Args;

/*Goes through all functions indexed by those numbers which equal the thread number module NUM_THREADS.*/
void* compute_chunk(void* arguments){
	Args* args = arguments;
	int i = args -> num_thread;
	VALUETYPE* records_ratio = args -> records_ratio;
	int* records_index = args -> records_index;
	int* domain_current = args -> domain_current;
	/*exponent p of the L^p norm to consider*/
	EXPTYPE p = int_to_exptype(1);

	VALUETYPE f[N];
	int d = generate_function(f,i);
	while(d >= 0){
		if(d > *domain_current){
			*domain_current = d;
			printf("Start considering length: %d\n",d);
		}
		compute(p,d,f,i,records_ratio,records_index);
		i += NUM_THREADS;
		d = generate_function(f,i);
	}	
}

int main() {
	pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
	Args args[NUM_THREADS];
	VALUETYPE records_ratio[K+1];
	int records_index[K+1];
	int domain_current = 0;
	for(int k=0; k<=K; k++) records_ratio[k] = int_to_valuetype(0);
	int result_code;

	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
		printf("In main: Creating thread %d.\n", i);
		args[i].records_ratio = records_ratio;
		args[i].records_index = records_index;
		args[i].num_thread = i;
		args[i].domain_current = &domain_current;
		result_code = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, compute_chunk, args+i);
	}

	size_t sz = 1024;
	char prmpt[] = "To exit enter q,quit or exit.\nTo print current records to terminal enter r.\nTo print current records to a file enter p.\nTo do so with tex formatting enter t.\n";
	char buff[sz];
	bool cont = true;
	do {
		getLine(prmpt, buff, sz);
		if( 0 == strcmp(buff,"q") || 0 == strcmp(buff,"quit") || 0 == strcmp(buff,"exit") ) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	} while(cont);

	// wait for each thread to complete
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
		result_code = pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
		printf("In main: Thread %d has ended.\n", i);
	}

	return 0;
}